Individual and Household Wellbeing

Martin Siyaranamual, Mia Amalia, Arief Anshory Yusuf, and Armida Alisjahbana

Abstract

In developing countries like Indonesia, the challenge of providing electricity services is often about how to combine commercial and development objectives optimally. In this context, good knowledge of consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) and trade-offs among electricity service attributes is of strategic value, especially when achieving development objectives involve raising electricity tariffs to consumers. This study uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and two estimation methods, mixed logit (MXL) and latent class logit (LCL), in order to better understand the preferences of electricity customers. Specifically, the objective of the experiment is to understand how consumers balance the trade-off among four electricity service attributes: the duration of the outage, source of electricity generated, rural electrification ratio, and tariffs. The DCE survey was conducted in Bandung (Indonesia) with 1600 questionnaires were distributed. The analysis demonstrates that consumers are willing to pay for the proposed condition, away from status-quo. For example, using MXL method to reduce the outage duration to be 2 hours/year, the WTP is ranging from IDR5,000 (USD1.18) to IDR61,500 (USD14.49) per month, depending on the size of the installed capacity. While for the increase of rural electrification ratio to 100%, it ranges from IDR17,600 (USD4.15) to IDR215,000 (USD50.64) per month. The analysis emphasizes that there is significant heterogeneity in preferences for electricity service attributes.

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Abstract:

The spread of the Coronavirus outbreak has in changes in people’s consumption patterns, including the consumption of fish products. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in fish consumption behavior, what factors experienced changes in fish consumption behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic, and to analyze the understanding of the benefits of fish from consumers in the District Regol. The research was conducted in February – March 2021. The data used were primary. The method used is a case study with qualitative, quantitative the and descriptive data analysis. The sampling technique used an accidental sampling method with 100 respondents. Based on the results of the study, before the pandemic most respondents (39%) consumed fish twice a week, while in the pandemic phase, most respondents (46%) consumed fish only once a week and the amount of fish consumption in one week that is before the pandemic 47% consumers consume as much as <1kg, 43% as much as 1-2 kg and 10% as much as> 3kg, after the pandemic 55% consumers consume as much as < 1kg, 33% as much as 1-2 kg and 12% as much as> 3 kg. The purchasing system for the majority of consumers has not changed, that is, consumers still prefer to shop offline. The place of purchase for the majority of consumers has not changed, that is, consumers still prefer traditional markets.

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Abstract:

The role of the fish basket woman is not only as a housewife but also as a breadwinner, thus the fish basket woman has a dual role in her family. Fish basket women help their husbands work to be able to meet family needs. This study aims to analyze household income as well know the motivation to work of women as fish baskets in increasing working household income and know the factors that affect the income of fish basket women in increasing household income in Eretan Wetan Village, Indramayu Regency, West Java. The research method used in this research is a case study and interviews using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used an accidental sampling method with a total of 50 respondents and collecting data using observation techniques, structured interviews, and documentation techniques. The results showed that the role of women with fish baskets on household income in Eretan Wetan Village, Indramayu Regency, West Java was quite significant by obtaining an average income of IDR 1,676,135 per month. Factors that affect the income of working basket women include helping their husbands, wages that are not appropriate, helping household income and the husband’s income is uncertain. The coefficient of determination shown by Nagelkerke R-Square, age, education level, number of family members, husband’s permission, and husband’s income affect women’s interest in working by 100.0%. Women’s interest in working is not influenced by any other factors included in the research mode.

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Abstract:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kontribusi wanita nelayan terhadap pendapatan di Muara Angke serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi wanita nelayan bekerja dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan wanita nelayan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan satuan kasusnya adalah kontribusi wanita nelayan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode triangulasi (observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi). Untuk penentuan sampel digunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel adalah 30 sampel. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata kontribusi wanita nelayan terhadap pendapatan di Muara Angke sebesar 30,25%. Faktor yang mempengaruhi wanita nelayan bekerja diantaranya pendidikan dan motivasi bekerja. Faktor usia tidak mempengaruhi wanita nelayan bekerja. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan wanita nelayan diantaranya curahan waktu kerja dan jenis pekerjaan. Rata-rata curahan waktu kerja wanita nelayan untuk kegiatan produktif adalah 148,63 jam per bulan atau sekitar 5,72 jam per hari. Curahan waktu kerja dan jenis pekerjaan berpengaruh positif terhadap pendapatan wanita nelayan masing-masing sebesar 16,3% dan 13,5%. Faktor pengalaman bekerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan wanita nelayan.

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Abstract:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis kelayakan usaha pembudidaya rumput laut dan pekerja wisata bahari di Pantai Pandawa, (2) menganalisis variabel/faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan masyarakat pesisir dan (3) menganalisis perbandingan kesejahteraan antara pembudidaya rumput laut dan pekerja wisata bahari berdasarkan Upah Minimum Regional (UMR) Kabupaten Badung tahun 2016. Penelitian dilakukan di Pantai Pandawa Desa Kutuh Kecamatan Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung Provinsi Bali pada Bulan Mei 2016. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi kasus. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis keuntungan, Benefit Cost Ratio, Pay Back Periods, regresi linear berganda dan Analisis tingkat kesejahteraan. Hasil yang didapatkan untuk kelayakan usaha masyarakat pesisir yaitu pembudidaya rumput laut dengan nilai BCR = 2 berarti usaha budidaya rumput laut yang dilakukan mengalami keuntungan dan layak untuk diusahakan, untuk pekerja wisata bahari nilai BCR = 3,41 maka usaha wisata bahari sangat layak untuk dijalankan dan mengalami keuntungan. Selanjutnya variabel/faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap pendapatan masyarakat peisisir yaitu ada umur, tingkat pendidikan terakhir, curahan waktu kerja dan pengalaman kerja dilihat secara keseluruhan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan, namun hasil dari Uji t secara parsial, profesi dan  pengalaman kerja berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan, untuk umur, tingkat pendidikan terakhir dan curahan waktu kerja tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan. Untuk profesi yang berpengaruh yaitu sebagai pembudidaya rumput laut, berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap pendapatan artinya akan mengurangi terhadap pendaptan sebesar 9139854.843 dibandingkan usaha wisata bahari karena pendapatan uasaha wisata bahari lebih besar dibandingkan pembudidaya rumput laut. Perbandingan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir antara pembudidaya rumput laut dan pekerja wisata bahari dari hasil penelitian menghasilkan bahwa responden yang bekerja sebagai wisata bahari jauh lebih banyak yang sejahtera yaitu sebanyak 77% sedangkan untuk pembudidaya rumput laut yang berstatus sejahtera sebanyak 50%.

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Abstract:

In recent years, the consumption of refillable bottled water has increased considerably in emerging countries. However, the quality of this water is often questionable, as authorities lack the capacity to properly check refilling depots. Given that refillable bottled water not only replaces unimproved water sources, but also better-quality sources, like piped and branded bottled water, its increasing use poses a major health risk. We investigate the motives behind the decision to switch to refillable bottled water in Indonesia. Findings indicate that this switch is driven by lifestyle motives, as well as by cost and availability considerations. It is mostly the young affluent households who switch from piped and ‘other’ sources to refillable bottled water. In rural areas, the tendency to make this switch is negatively affected by availability problems and the higher price of refillable bottled water. Availability and cost also influence the switch from branded bottled to refillable bottled water, but here it is the poorer households who have a higher propensity to switch. Further exploration of the lifestyle motive and affordability issues, as well as better monitoring of the refilling depots, are needed to improve the quality of drinking water in Indonesia and other emerging countries.

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Abstract:

iarrhoea is an important health issue in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. We applied a multilevel regression analysis on the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey to examine the effects of drinking water and sanitation facilities at the household and community level on diarrhoea prevalence among children under five (n = 33,339). The role of the circumstances was explored by studying interactions between the water and sanitation variables and other risk factors. Diarrhoea prevalence was reported by 4820 (14.4%) children, who on average were younger, poorer and were living in a poorer environment. At the household level, piped water was significantly associated with diarrhoea prevalence (OR = 0.797, 95% CI: 0.692–0.918), improved sanitation had no direct effect (OR = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.899–1.096) and water treatment was not related to diarrhoea incidence (OR = 1.106, 95% CI: 0.994–1.232). At the community level, improved water coverage had no direct effect (OR = 1.002, 95% CI: 0.950–1.057) but improved sanitation coverage was associated with lower diarrhoea prevalence (OR = 0.917, 95% CI: 0.843–0.998). Our interaction analysis showed that the protective effects of better sanitation at the community level were increased by better drinking water at the community level. This illustrates the importance of improving both drinking water and sanitation simultaneously.

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