Sustainable Fisheries

Abstract:

The ocean, which regulates climate and supports vital ecosystem services, is crucial to our Earth system and livelihoods. Yet, it is threatened by anthropogenic pressures and climate change. A healthy ocean that supports a sustainable ocean economy requires adequate financing vehicles that generate, invest, align, and account for financial capital to achieve sustained ocean health and governance. However, the current finance gap is large; we identify key barriers to financing a sustainable ocean economy and suggest how to mitigate them, to incentivize the kind of public and private investments needed for topnotch science and management in support of a sustainable ocean economy.

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Abstract:

This study aims to analyze the aspects of technical, social, and economic typologies of skipjack fisheries at Nizam Zachman oceanic fishing port, Jakarta. This research expected to provide information for decision-making in formulating policies in skipjack fisheries activities, thus they remain sustainable—this research conducted at Nizam Zachman oceanic fishing port, Jakarta from August 2019 to February 2020. The method used in this research is the survey method by interviewing the respondent through questionnaires for 100 respondents. The sampling method was done randomly, and the data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The social typology shows the orientation of Nizam Zachman as an industrial ocean fishing port is for commercial purposes. The main productive age level of fishers ranges from 35-39 years (33%) and the last education is a primary school (46%). Regarding the work experience, 38% had been fisher between 16-20 years. The technical typology shows the fishing gear that operated to catch skipjack at Nizam Zachman are purse seine, longline, also carrier vessel. In general, 74% of the size fleets were in 100-200 GT and the length of trips in 1-2 months (48%). The fishing ground area is in 572, 711 and 712 FMA. The economic typology shows skipjack production/trip by purse seine was 54%, longline (1%) and carrier vessel (57%).

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Abstract:

This paper is a study of the Covid–19 pandemic impact on the small–scale tuna fisheries in
eastern Indonesia. This is an important and on–going global problem because the Covid–19 pandemic has changed the entire normal life of human habits. The researchers surveyed 118 fishers as research respondents to investigate their perceptions of the way the Covid–19 pandemic affected their fishing efforts. The results indicate there are changes in fishing efforts and livelihood of tuna fishers in eastern Indonesia.

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Abstract:

Citarum River is the longest river in West Java Province, it is utilized for various anthropogenic activities that will affect the water quality, ecological state, and parameters of nitrates and phosphates in the waters of Citarum River. Nitrate and phosphate content can affect Phytoplankton abundance. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator to determine water quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of nitrates and phosphates with the abundance of phytoplankton and determine the quality of water in the Citarum River. The study began in August 2020 until September 2020. The research uses a survey method with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling was carried out at 5 stations with 5 times repetitions every 7 days. The water parameter analyzed are transparency, temperature, current, pH, DO, BOD, PO₄^2-,NO₃^–, Phytoplankton abundance, diversity index, and dominance index. Results showed that phytoplankton in the citarum river there were 24 genera divided into 4 phylum. Diversity index during the study reached between 0,91 – 0,99 and dominance index was in the range 0,01 – 0,2. Phytoplankton abundance ranges from 11 to 1292 ind/L. The highest genera phytoplankton composition at each station was found is Synedra as much as 1087 ind/ L. Nitrate content ranges from 0.13 – 0.33 mg/l and phosphate content range from 0.13 – 0.29 mg/l. The acquisition of R square value based on the simultaneous analysis of the relationship between nitrate and phosphate and the abundance of phytoplankton was 43,9% and 56,1% was influenced by other several factor namely temperature, water transparency, nutrient, and water flow.

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Abstract:

The role of the fish basket woman is not only as a housewife but also as a breadwinner, thus the fish basket woman has a dual role in her family. Fish basket women help their husbands work to be able to meet family needs. This study aims to analyze household income as well know the motivation to work of women as fish baskets in increasing working household income and know the factors that affect the income of fish basket women in increasing household income in Eretan Wetan Village, Indramayu Regency, West Java. The research method used in this research is a case study and interviews using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used an accidental sampling method with a total of 50 respondents and collecting data using observation techniques, structured interviews, and documentation techniques. The results showed that the role of women with fish baskets on household income in Eretan Wetan Village, Indramayu Regency, West Java was quite significant by obtaining an average income of IDR 1,676,135 per month. Factors that affect the income of working basket women include helping their husbands, wages that are not appropriate, helping household income and the husband’s income is uncertain. The coefficient of determination shown by Nagelkerke R-Square, age, education level, number of family members, husband’s permission, and husband’s income affect women’s interest in working by 100.0%. Women’s interest in working is not influenced by any other factors included in the research mode.

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Abstract:

Fish resources in reservoirs such as Cirata have a strategic value, especially for the surrounding community in terms of fulfilling the need for nutricious food, subsistence, and economic purposes. Unfortunately, until now there has been no serious attention from the government to develop and manage fish resources in these waters. From time series data it can be seen that there is a decrease in fish production, which is an indication of a decrease of fish stock, which has a negative impact on the wellfare of surrounding commmunity, as well as the sustainability of fish resources and their ecosystems. To meet the food safety and economic needs of the community, a healthy and sustainable fish resource is a must, characterized by sustainable inputs and outputs, so that the stock of fish resources will be maintained. In order to fulfill this need, a basic understanding of the biological and economic conditions of the dynamics of fish resources in these waters as a basis for sustainable management is needed. Research was conducted to calculate the biological parameters of fish resources through Fox, CYP, Walters Hilborn and Schnute algorithms, using quarterly catch and effort data from 2011 to 2015, collected from secondary and cross checking data. Furthermore, using price and cost data series, adjusted by consumer price index, the variable of input, output and economic rent of sustainable, optimal and open access management regimes were analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the most statistically appropriate model for estimating biological parameters in Cirata are the Fox and CYP models, and fisheries management using the optimal regime provides the most efficient results, where fewer inputs will result in the maximum profit. The research suggests the need for immediate enforcement of management rules based on sustainable management regimes through input or output restrictions on capture fisheries in Cirata Reservoirs

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Abstract:

Fish is one of natural resources, which is important for food security. Small pelagic fish is one of the sources of food, the most widely consumed by people of Indonesia, given the existence of a fairly abundant species, and are found in almost entire territorial waters of Indonesia, and also has a relatively affordable price. Management of pelagic fishery in the waters of Indonesia, thus becomes important, especially to maintain the sustainable industry. Optimal and sustainable fisheries industry can only be achieved with proper planning through the implementation of appropriate management instruments as well. Fisheries resources accounting is one of the planning instruments, which should be used as a main reference of Fisheries Management Plan. In general, fisheries accounting provide insights for policy makers on how the flow of the stocks of fish and its relation to changes in the dynamic of natural and economic activity of fishing. Small pelagic resource accounting is one of the mandates of agenda 21 UNCED recommendation, as formulated in the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA). Besides, this is also a decree of Indonesian Law No. 32/2009 regarding the Management and Environmental protection. The paper discusses the fisheries account, both physical and monetary, for small pelagic fish. By using resource accounting, we can understand the dynamics of the availability of stocks of small pelagic fisheries in Indonesia for the sake of food security. The methods in use is the standard bio-economic modelling, using fox algorithm for parameter estimation, and resource accounting method of the System of National Accounts of FAO [1], adapted to the data existing condition. The results of the analysis, include measurement of standing stocks (physical assets account), fishable biomass, depletion, as well as monetary account. Paper also provides suggestion for management, as well as policy recommendation.

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Abstract:

Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk dan tingkat ekonomi masyarakat menyebabkan maraknya pembangunan infrastruktur yang mendorong terjadinya konversi lahan. Oleh karenanya penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan : (1) mengetahui kinerja usaha budidaya perikanan (2) menggambarkan tren konversi lahan budidaya perikanan (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya konversi lahan budidaya perikanan. Data yang diambil berupa data primer dan data sekunder dengan metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survey menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Selanjutnya data yang didapatkan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada periode tahun 2008-2012 lahan budidaya perikanan di Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot mengalami penurunan paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 40,8%. Keuntungan rata-rata yang didapatkan oleh pembudidaya yaitu sebesar Rp. 1.309.512, sedangkan hasil uji regresi logistik menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 21 menunjukan bahwa variabel-variabel dependen yang digunakan memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembudidaya dalam melakukan konversi lahan budidayanya sebesar 58,5% dan variabel yang memberi pengaruh nyata pada taraf nyata 5% terhadap variabel dependen yaitu variabel keuntungan (X2).

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Abstract:

Garam sebagai salah satu produk sumberdaya perikanan non hayati yang memiliki prospek bisnis yang cukup bagus, karena garam merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat penting bagi manusia seperti bahan pangan, bahan kimia, dan bahan pengawet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja finansial dan keragaan produksi tambak garam di Desa Pengarengan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode studi kasus dengan teknik wawancara dan kuesioner. Kedua skala kelompok usaha tambak garam terdiri dari lahan pribadi dan lahan sewa menunjukkan menguntungkan dan layak untuk dijalankan. Kinerja finansial usaha garam lahan pribadi yakni pendapatan sebesar Rp. 35.210.000, GPM (53%), R/C rasio (1,86), PP (9 bulan), dan NPV hingga 5 tahun mendatang sebesar Rp. 198.139.803. Sedangkan kinerja finansial usaha garam sewa lahan yakni pendapatan sebesar Rp.32.355.000, GPM (53%), R/C rasio (1,74), PP (10 bulan), dan NPV hingga 5 tahun mendatang sebesar Rp. 195.075.632. Secara keseluruhan, benefit yang diterima petambak termasuk baik karena dapat menutupi biaya operasional yang dikeluarkannya dan memperoleh keuntungan.

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Abstract:

The whale sharks aggregation in the waters of Cenderawasih Bay has an impact on improving the marine tourism industry in the region. On the other hands, Whale Shark is one of the species listed in the Red List of Threatened Species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the vulnerable status, means that a whale shark populations have been reduced by 20% to 50% within 10 years or three generations. The decline numbers of whale sharks caused by human activities that damage the fish and the habitat, such as fishing and tourism activities. This is due to the lack of public awareness about the function and value of these resources and its habitat. The whale shark has inherent value as marine resources, and has an environmental services value, in relation to tourism activities. This paper measures the economic value and environmental services of the whale shark and its habitat. The method of Travel Cost is used to calculate the value of expenditures incurred by both foreign and local tourists. The study also measured the value obtained by tourist operators, the value of fishing activities, and the value of the habitat, through the people’s Willingness to Pay (WTP), using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). From the result of the overall economic valuation can be determined the estimated value of whale shark tourism, as well as Cenderawasih Bay National Park area, amounted to IDR 35.5 trillion. The policy implication of this research is the need for appreciation of the whale sharks value, as well as its habitat, by managing and developing conservation areas, and community capacity building on the understanding of the importance of whale sharks and its conservation.

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